Gerunds and Infinitives: -ing or to + verb

When one verb follows another, English often uses either an -ing form (a gerund) or to + verb (a to-infinitive). In many cases, the choice depends on the first verb or the structure around it. Some constructions use a bare infinitive instead, such as can go, let me go, or make him wait. This guide focuses on the common choice between -ing and to + verb.

Verbs followed by -ing

Many verbs about likes, dislikes and continuing take the gerund: enjoy, avoid, finish, suggest, mind, keep, practice, imagine, miss, can't help.

Always use the -ing form after a preposition: good at cooking, interested in learning, instead of waiting.

Verbs followed by to + verb

Many verbs about plans, wishes and decisions take the to-infinitive: want, decide, hope, need, plan, promise, agree, learn, offer, would like.

Also use the infinitive to express purpose ("why"): I went out to buy milk.

Bare infinitive: verb without to

Some structures use the base verb without to. This is called the bare infinitive. Use it after modal verbs, after let and make, and often after help.

Verbs that take both — with a meaning change

A few verbs take either form, but the meaning shifts. These are worth learning carefully.

Some verbs can take both forms with little or no change in meaning, especially like, love, hate, prefer, start, begin, and continue: I like reading / I like to read. The difference is often small, so learn the common patterns first.

Common mistakes

Infinitive after a "gerund verb".

Base verb after a preposition.

"For + to" to express purpose. Use the to-infinitive for purpose. Do not use "for to".

Quick exercise

Put the verb in the -ing or to + verb form.

1. I've decided ___ (learn) Spanish.
2. Would you mind ___ (open) the window?
3. Remember ___ (lock) the door when you leave.
4. She's interested in ___ (work) abroad.
5. They kept ___ (talk) during the film.